Macros

Special text strings expand on the fly to display user data or system info

Macros are text strings - %MACRONAME% or %MACRONAME{ parameter="value" }% - that expand into content whenever a topic is rendered for viewing. There are two types of macros:

1. Preference settings: Can be defined and changed by the user
2. Predefined macros: Defined by the system or by Plugins (for example, the SpreadSheetPlugin introduces a %CALC{}% macro)

Using Macros

To use a macro type its name. For example,

• type %T% to get (a preference settings)
• type %TOPIC% to get Macros (a predefined macro?)
• type %CALC{ "$UPPER(Text)" }% to get TEXT (a macro? defined by a Plugin)

Note:

• To leave a macro unexpanded, precede it with an exclamation point, e.g. type !%TOPIC% to get %TOPIC%
• Macros are expanded relative to the topic they are used in, not the topic they are defined in
• Type %ALLVARIABLES% to get a full listing of all macros defined for a particular topic

Macro Names

Macro names must start with a letter. The following characters can be letters, numbers and the underscore '_'. You can use both upper-case and lower-case letters and you can mix the characters. E.g. %MYVAR%, %MyVar%, %My2ndVar%, and %My_Var% are all valid macro names. Macros are case sensitive. %MyVAR% and %MYVAR% are not the same macro.

By convention all settings, predefined macros and macros used by plugins are always UPPER-CASE.

Preferences

Preferences settings are simple macros that do not accept parameters, and are defined in topics. A lot of the macros you will encounter are of this type.

Preferences can be defined by the user in various places.

Setting Preferences

You can set macros in all the following places:

1. default level in System.DefaultPreferences (not recommended)
2. plugin topics (see Plugins)
3. local site level in Main.SitePreferences
4. user level in individual user topics in Main web
5. web level in WebPreferences of a parent web
6. web level in WebPreferences of the web
7. topic level in topics in webs
8. session macros (if sessions are enabled)

Settings at higher-numbered levels override settings of the same macro at lower numbered levels, unless the macro was included in the setting of FINALPREFERENCES at a lower-numbered level, in which case it is locked at the value it has at that level.

If you are setting a preference and using it in the same topic, note that Foswiki reads all the preference settings from the saved version of the topic before it displays anything. This means you can use a macro anywhere in the topic, even if you set it somewhere inconspicuous near the end. But beware: it also means that if you change the setting of a macro you are using in the same topic, Preview will show the wrong thing, and you must Save the topic to see it correctly.

The syntax for setting macros is the same anywhere:
[multiple of 3 spaces] * [space] Set [space] MACRONAME [space] = [space] value

Examples:

• Set MACRONAME = value
  • Set MACRONAME = value

Spaces between the = sign and the value will be ignored. You can split a value over several lines by indenting following lines with spaces - as long as you don't try to use * as the first character on the following line.

Example:

   * Set MACRONAME = value starts here
     and continues here

Whatever you include in your Macro will be expanded on display, exactly as if it had been entered directly.

Example: Create a custom logo macro

• To place a logo anywhere in a web by typing %MYLOGO%, define the preference settings on the web's WebPreferences topic, and upload a logo file, ex: mylogo.gif. You can upload by attaching the file to WebPreferences, or, to avoid clutter, to any other topic in the same web, e.g. LogoTopic. Sample preference setting in WebPreferences:
  • Set MYLOGO = %PUBURL%/%WEB%/LogoTopic/mylogo.gif

You can also set preference settings in a topic by clicking the link Edit topic preference settings under More topic actions. Preferences set in this manner are not visible in the topic text, but take effect nevertheless.

Access Control Settings

These are special types of preference settings to control access to content. AccessControl explains these security settings in detail.

Local values for preferences

Certain topics (a users home topic, web site and default preferences topics) have a problem; macros defined in those topics can have two meanings. For example, consider a user topic. A user may want to use a double-height edit box when they are editing their home topic - but only when editing their home topic. The rest of the time, they want to have a normal edit box. This separation is achieved using Local in place of Set in the macro definition. For example, if the user sets the following in their home topic:

   * Set EDITBOXHEIGHT = 10
   * Local EDITBOXHEIGHT = 20

Then when they are editing any other topic, they will get a 10 high edit box. However when they are editing their home topic, they will get a 20 high edit box. Local can be used wherever a preference needs to take a different value depending on where the current operation is being performed.

Use this powerful feature with great care! %ALLVARIABLES% can be used to get a listing of the values of all macros in their evaluation order, so you can see macro scope if you get confused.

Predefined Macros

Most predefined macros return values that were either set in the configuration when Foswiki was installed, or taken from server info (such as current username, or date and time). Some, like %SEARCH%, are powerful and general tools.

• Predefined macros can be overridden by preference settings (except TOPIC and WEB)
• Plugins may extend the set of predefined macros (see individual Plugins topics for details)
• Take the time to thoroughly read through ALL preference macros. If you actively configure your site, review macros periodically. They cover a wide range of functions, and it can be easy to miss the one perfect macro for something you have in mind. For example, see %BASETOPIC%, %INCLUDE%, and the mighty %SEARCH%.

This version of Foswiki - Foswiki-1.0.9, Sun, 17 Jan 2010, build 6075 - predefines the following macros:

ACTIVATEDPLUGINS -- list of currently activated plugins

• Syntax: %ACTIVATEDPLUGINS%
• Expands to: TWikiCompatibilityPlugin, SpreadSheetPlugin, AutoViewTemplatePlugin, BreadCrumbsPlugin, CalendarPlugin, ChartPlugin, CommentPlugin, DBCachePlugin, EditChapterPlugin, EditTablePlugin, ExplicitNumberingPlugin, ExternalLinkPlugin, FilterPlugin, FlexWebListPlugin, GluePlugin, HeadlinesPlugin, IfDefinedPlugin, ImagePlugin, InterwikiPlugin, JQueryLibPlugin, JQueryPlugin, LatexModePlugin, LdapNgPlugin, MathModePlugin, NatEditPlugin, NatSkinPlugin, NewUserPlugin, PreferencesPlugin, RedirectPlugin, RenderListPlugin, RenderPlugin, SendEmailPlugin, SetVariablePlugin, SlideShowPlugin, SmiliesPlugin, SubscribePlugin, SyntaxHighlightingPlugin, TablePlugin, TagMePlugin, TwistyPlugin, UploadPlugin, VarCachePlugin, VotePlugin, ZonePlugin
• Related: PLUGINDESCRIPTIONS, FAILEDPLUGINS, PLUGINVERSION

ADDTOHEAD

You can write %ADDTOHEAD{...}% in a topic or template. This variable accepts the following parameters:

• _DEFAULT optional, id of the head block. Used to generate a comment in the output HTML.
• text optional, text to use for the head block. Mutually exclusive with topic.
• topic optional, full Foswiki path name of a topic that contains the full text to use for the head block. Mutually exclusive with text. Example: topic="System.MyTopic".
• requires optional, comma-separated list of id's of other head blocks this one depends on.

%ADDTOHEAD% expands in-place to the empty string, unless there is an error in which case the variable expands to an error string.

Use %RENDERHEAD% to generate the sorted head tags.

ADDTOZONE

%ADDTOZONE{
  "zone"
  ...
}%

• zone: optional, comma-separated list of zones the content should be added to, special zones are body and head, defaults to head
• tag: optional, identificator for the material to be added, to be used in requires
• requires: comma-separated list of tags that must occur before the current material, constraints the order of all material in a zone
• text: optional, text to be added to the named zone, mutually exclusive with topic
• topic: optional, full qualified web-topic name that contains the text to be added, mutually exclusive with text
• section: optional, section of the topic to be added, defaults to the default section between STARTINCLUDE and STOPINCLUDE

Note, that using topic and section is actually a short form of

%ADDTOZONE{
   "myzone"
   text="$percntINCLUDE{\"topic\" section=\"section\" warn=\"off\"}$percnt"
}%

See also VarRENDERZONE

ALLVARIABLES -- list of currently defined macros

• Syntax: %ALLVARIABLES%
• Expands to: a table showing all defined macros in the current context

AQUA -- start aqua colored text

• AQUA is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %AQUA% aqua text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: aqua text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

ATTACHURL -- full URL for attachments in the current topic

• Syntax: %ATTACHURL%
• Expands to: https://wiki.iac.ethz.ch/pub/System/VarATTACHURL
• Example: If you attach a file you can refer to it as %ATTACHURL%/image.gif
• Related: ATTACHURLPATH, PUBURL, PUBURLPATH, SCRIPTURL, SCRIPTURLPATH, FileAttachments

ATTACHURLPATH -- path of the attachment URL of the current topic

• Syntax: %ATTACHURLPATH%
• Expands to: /pub/System/VarATTACHURLPATH
• Related: ATTACHURL, PUBURL, PUBURLPATH, SCRIPTURL, SCRIPTURLPATH, FileAttachments

AUTHREALM -- authentication realm

• String defined as {AuthRealm} in configure. This is used in certain password encodings, and in login templates as part of the login prompt.
• Syntax: %AUTHREALM%
• Expands to: Enter your LoginName. (Typically First name and last name, no space, no dots, capitalized, e.g. JohnSmith, unless you chose otherwise). Visit UserRegistration if you do not have one.
• Related: UserAuthentication, SESSIONID, SESSIONVAR, LOGIN, LOGOUT, SESSION_VARIABLE

BASETOPIC -- base topic where an INCLUDE started

• The name of the topic where a single or nested INCLUDE started - same as %TOPIC% if there is no INCLUDE
• This is the name of the topic requested by the user.
• Syntax: %BASETOPIC%
• Related: BASEWEB, INCLUDINGTOPIC, INCLUDE, TOPIC

BASEWEB -- base web where an INCLUDE started

• The web name where the includes started, e.g. the web of the first topic of nested includes. Same as %WEB% in case there is no include.
• This is the name of the web requested by the user.
• Syntax: %BASEWEB%
• Related: BASETOPIC, INCLUDINGWEB, INCLUDE, WEB

BB -- bullet with line break

• Line break and bullet without indentation.
• Current value: BB =
  •
• Related: BR, BULLET, BB2, BB3, BB4, CARET, VBAR

BB2 -- level 2 bullet with line break

• Line break and bullet, level 2.
• Current value: BB2 =
    •
• Related: BR, BULLET, BB, BB3, BB4, VBAR

BB3 -- level 3 bullet with line break

• Line break and bullet, level 3.
• Current value: BB3 =
      •
• Related: BR, BULLET, BB, BB2, BB4, VBAR

BB4 -- level 4 bullet with line break

• Line break and bullet, level 4.
• Current value: BB4 =
        •
• Related: BR, BULLET, BB, BB2, BB3, VBAR

BLACK -- start black colored text

• BLACK is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %BLACK% black text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: black text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

BLUE -- start blue colored text

• BLUE is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %BLUE% blue text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: blue text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

BR -- line break

• Current value: BR =
  
• Related: BULLET, BB, BB2, BB3, BB4, CARET, VBAR

BROWN -- start brown colored text

• BROWN is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %BROWN% brown text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: brown text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

BULLET -- bullet character

• Current value: BULLET = •
• Related: BR, BB, BB2, BB3, BB4, CARET, VBAR

CALC{"formula"} -- add spreadsheet calculations to tables and outside tables

• The %CALC{"formula"}% macro is handled by the SpreadSheetPlugin. There are around 90 formulae, such as $ABS(), $EXACT(), $EXISTS(), $GET()/$SET(), $IF(), $LOG(), $LOWER(), $PERCENTILE(), $TIME(), $VALUE().
• Syntax: %CALC{"formula"}%
• Examples:
  • %CALC{"$SUM($ABOVE())"}% returns the sum of all cells above the current cell
  • %CALC{"$EXISTS(Web.SomeTopic)"}% returns 1 if the topic exists
  • %CALC{"$UPPER(Collaboration)"}% returns COLLABORATION
• Related: IF, SpreadSheetPlugin

CARET -- caret symbol

• The CARET macro is useful in TML tables.
• Current value: CARET = ^
• Related: BR, BULLET, BB, BB2, BB3, BB4, VBAR

COMMENT{ attributes } -- insert an edit box into the topic to easily add comments.

• A %COMMENT% without parameters shows a simple text box.
• The following standard attributes are recognized

  Name	Description	Default
  type	This is the name of the template to use for this comment. Comment templates are defined in a Foswiki template - see Customisation, below. If this attribute is not defined, the type is whatever is defined by COMMENTPLUGIN_DEFAULT_TYPE, either in this topic or in your WebPreferences.	below
  default	Default text to put into the textarea of the prompt.
  target	Name of the topic to add the comment to	the current topic
  location	Regular expression specifying the comment location in the target topic. Read carefully the CommentPlugin documentation!
  mode	For compatibility with older versions only, synonymous with type
  nonotify	Set to "on" to disable change notification for target topics	off
  noform	Set to "on" to disable the automatic form that encloses your comment block - remember to insert <form> tags yourself! See CommentPluginExamples#noform for an example.	off
  nopost	Set to "on" to disable insertion of the posted text into the topic.	off
  remove	Set to "on" to remove the comment prompt after the first time it is clicked.	off
  button	Button label text	Add comment

• See CommentPlugin for more information

DATE -- signature format date

• Syntax: %DATE%
• Expands to: 20 Apr 2024
• Date format defined as {DefaultDateFormat} in configure
• When used in a template topic, this variable will be expanded when the template is used to create a new topic. See TemplateTopics#TemplateTopicsVars for details.
• Related: DISPLAYTIME, GMTIME{"format"}, SERVERTIME

DISPLAYTIME{"format"} -- formatted display time

• Formatted time - either GMT or Local server time, depending on {DisplayTimeValues} setting in configure. Same format qualifiers as %GMTIME%
• Syntax: %DISPLAYTIME% OR %DISPLAYTIME{"format"}%
• %DISPLAYTIME% The time is shown as hh:mm (24 hour clock)
  • Expands to: 20 Apr 2024 - 06:13
• Example: %DISPLAYTIME{"$hou:$min"}% expands to 06:13
• Related: GMTIME, SERVERTIME

EDITACTION -- Selects an edit template

• The EDITACTION preference setting lets you define the use of an editaction template instead of the standard edit. If EDITACTION is defined as text, then hide the form. If EDITACTION is defined as form hide the normal text area and only edit the form.
• Syntax: Set EDITACTION = text|form
• Expands to: %EDITACTION%
• Related: CommandAndCGIScripts#edit
• When EDITACTION is defined as text or form the Edit and Edit Raw buttons simply add ;action=text or ;action=form to the URL for the edit script. If you have defined an EDITACTION preference setting you can still edit the topic content or the form by removing the ;action=form or ;action=text from the edit URL in the browser and reload.

EDITTABLE{ attributes } -- edit tables using edit fields and other input fields

• The %EDITTABLE{}% macro is handled by the EditTablePlugin
• Syntax: %EDITTABLE{ attributes }%

• Supported attributes:

  Attribute	Comment	Default
  header	Specify the header format of a new table like "|*Food*|*Drink*|". Useful to start a table with only a button	(no header)
  format	The format of one column when editing the table. A cell can be a text input field, or any of these edit field types: • Text input field (1 line):   | text, <size>, <initial value> | • Textarea input field:   | textarea, <rows>x<columns>, <initial value> | • Drop down box:   | select, <size>, <option 1>, <option 2>, etc* |   * only one item can be selected • Radio buttons:   | radio, <size*>, <option 1>, <option 2>, etc |   * size indicates the number of buttons per line in edit mode • Checkboxes:   | checkbox, <size*>, <option 1>, <option 2>, etc |   * size indicates the number of checkboxes per line in edit mode • Fixed label:   | label, 0, <label text> | • Row number:   | row, <offset> | • Date:   | date, <size>, <initial value>, <DHTML date format> | (see Date Field Type)	"text, 16" for all cells
  changerows	Rows can be added and removed if "on" Rows can be added but not removed if "add" Rows cannot be added or removed if "off"	CHANGEROWS plugin setting
  quietsave	Quiet Save button is shown if "on", hidden if "off"	QUIETSAVE plugin setting
  include	Other topic defining the EDITTABLE parameters. The first %EDITTABLE% in the topic is used. This is useful if you have many topics with the same table format and you want to update the format in one place. Use topic or web.topic notation.	(none)
  helptopic	Topic name containing help text shown below the table when editing a table. The %STARTINCLUDE% and %STOPINCLUDE% macros can be used in the topic to specify what is shown.	(no help text)
  headerislabel	Table header cells are read-only (labels) if "on"; header cells can be edited if "off" or "0"	"on"
  editbutton	Set edit button text, e.g. "Edit this table"; set button image with alt text, e.g. "Edit table, %PUBURL%/%SYSTEMWEB%/DocumentGraphics/edittopic.gif"; hide edit button at the end of the table with "hide" (Note: Button is automatically hidden if an edit button is present in a cell)	EDITBUTTON plugin setting
  buttonrow	Set to top to put the edit buttons above the table.	bottom
  javascriptinterface	Use javascript to directly move and delete row without page refresh. Enable with "on", disable with "off".	JAVASCRIPTINTERFACE plugin setting

• Example:
  %EDITTABLE{ format="| text, 20 | select, 1, one, two, three |" changerows="on" }%
| *Name* | *Type* |
| Foo | two |
• Related: See EditTablePlugin for more details

ENCODE{"string"} -- encodes a string to HTML entities

• Encode "special" characters to HTML numeric entities. Encoded characters are:
  • all non-printable ASCII characters below space, except newline ("\n") and linefeed ("\r")
  • HTML special characters "<", ">", "&", single quote (') and double quote (")
  • TML special characters "%", "[", "]", "@", "_", "*", "=" and "|"
• Syntax: %ENCODE{"string"}%
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  "string"	String to encode	required (can be empty)
  type="entity" type="safe" type="html" type="quotes" type="url"	Control how special characters are encoded entity: Encode special characters into HTML entities, like a double quote into &#034;. Does not encode \n or \r. safe: Encode characters '"<>% into HTML entities. html: As type="entity" except it also encodes \n and \r quotes: Escape double quotes with backslashes (\"), does not change other characters url: Encode special characters for URL parameter use, like a double quote into %22 (this is the default)	type="url"

• Example: %ENCODE{"spaced name"}% expands to spaced%20name
• Values of HTML input fields must be entity encoded.
  Example: <input type="text" name="address" value="%ENCODE{ "any text" type="entity" }%" />
• Double quotes in strings must be escaped when passed into other macros.
  Example: %SEARCH{ "%ENCODE{ "string with "quotes"" type="quotes" }%" noheader="on" }%
• ENCODE can be used to filter user input from URL parameters and similer to protect against cross-site scripting. The safest approach is to use type="entity". This can however prevent an application from fully working. You can then use type="safe" which encodes only the characters '"<>% into HTML entities (same as encode="safe"). When ENCODE is passing a string inside another macro always use double quotes ("") type="quote". For maximum security against cross-site scripting you are adviced to install the Foswiki:Extensions.SafeWikiPlugin.

• Related: URLPARAM

ENDCOLOR -- end colored text

• ENDCOLOR is a shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %RED% red text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: red text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: VarAQUA, VarBLACK, VarBLUE, VarBROWN, VarGRAY, VarGREEN, VarLIME, VarMAROON, VarNAVY, VarOLIVE, VarORANGE, VarPINK, VarPURPLE, VarRED, VarSILVER, VarTEAL, VarWHITE, VarYELLOW, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

ENDSECTION{"name"} -- marks the end of a named section within a topic

• Syntax: %ENDSECTION{"name"}%
• Syntax: %ENDSECTION{type="include"}%
• Supported parameter:

  Parameter:	Description:
  "name"	Name of the section.
  type="..."	Type of the section being terminated; supported types "section", "include", "expandvariables", "templateonly".

• If the STARTSECTION is named, the corresponding ENDSECTION must also be named with the same name. If the STARTSECTION specifies a type, then the corresponding ENDSECTION must also specify the same type. If the section is unnamed, ENDSECTION will match with the nearest unnamed %STARTSECTION% of the same type above it.
• Related: STARTSECTION

ENV{"varname"} -- inspect the value of an environment variable

• Returns the current value of the environment variable in the CGI (Common Gateway Interface) environment. This is the environment that the CommandAndCGIScripts are running in.
• Note: For security reasons, only those environment variables whose names match the regular expression in {AccessibleENV} in the Security Settings/Miscellaneous section of configure can be displayed. Any other variable will just be shown as an empty string, irrespective of its real value.
• Example: %ENV{MOD_PERL}% displays as: not set
• If an environment variable is undefined (as against being set to the empty string) it will be returned as not set.
• Related: HTTP_HOST, REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_PORT, REMOTE_USER

FAILEDPLUGINS -- debugging for plugins that failed to load, and handler list

• Syntax: %FAILEDPLUGINS%
• Expands to: See Plugins#FAILEDPLUGINS
• Related: PLUGINDESCRIPTIONS, ACTIVATEDPLUGINS, PLUGINVERSION

FORMFIELD{"fieldname"} -- renders a field in the form attached to some topic

• Syntax: %FORMFIELD{"fieldname"}%
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  "fieldname"	The name of a Data form field	required
  topic="..."	Topic where form data is located. May be of the form Web.TopicName	Current topic
  format="..."	Format string. $value expands to the field value, and $name expands to the field name, $title to the field title, $form to the name of the form the field is in. The standard format tokens are also expanded.	"$value"
  default="..."	Text shown if the field is defined in the topic, but the field value is empty. For example, a text field for which all the content has been deleted.	""
  alttext="..."	Text shown if the field is not defined in the topic (even if it is specified in the form definition). For example, this is used when a field exists in the form definition, but the referring topic hasn't been edited since it was added.	""

• Example: %FORMFIELD{"ProjectName" topic="Projects.SushiProject" default="(no project name given)" alttext="ProjectName field not found in form"}%
• Related: SEARCH

GMTIME{"format"} -- formatted GM time

• Syntax: %GMTIME% OR %GMTIME{"format"}%
• %GMTIME% uses the default date format defined by the {DefaultDateFormat} setting in configure
  • expands to 20 Apr 2024 - 04:13
• Supported special format tokens:

  Token:	Unit:	Example
  $seconds	seconds	59
  $minutes	minutes	59
  $hours	hours	23
  $day	day of month	31
  $wday	day of the Week (Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat)	Thu
  $dow	day of the week (Sun = 0)	2
  $week	number of week in year (ISO 8601)	34
  $month	short name of month	Dec
  $mo	2 digit month	12
  $year	4 digit year	1999
  $ye	2 digit year	99
  $tz	either "GMT" (if set to gmtime), or "Local" (if set to servertime)	GMT
  $iso	ISO format timestamp	2024-04-20T04:13:03Z
  $rcs	RCS format timestamp	2024/04/20 04:13:03
  $http	E-mail & http format timestamp	Sat, 20 Apr 2024 04:13:03 GMT
  $epoch	Number of seconds since 00:00 on 1st January, 1970	1713586383

• Tokens can be shortened to 3 characters
• Example: %GMTIME{"$day $month, $year - $hour:$min:$sec"}% expands to 20 Apr, 2024 - 04:13:03
• When used in a template topic, this macro will be expanded when the template is used to create a new topic. See TemplateTopics#TemplateTopicsVars for details.
• Related: GMTIME, REVINFO, SERVERTIME

GRAY -- start gray colored text

• GRAY is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %GRAY% gray text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: gray text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

GREEN -- start green colored text

• GREEN is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %GREEN% green text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: green text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

GROUPS -- a formatted list of groups

• Expands to a formatted list of user groups in your Wiki .
• Syntax: %GROUPS%
• The macro is intended to be used in WikiGroups, to allow a group listing for various user mapping managers.
• Related: REMOTE_USER, USERINFO, USERNAME, WIKIUSERNAME, WIKIUSERSTOPIC

H -- help icon

• Current value: H =
• Related: I, ICON, M, N, P, Q, S, T, U, X, Y

HOMETOPIC -- home topic in each web

• Syntax: %HOMETOPIC%
• Expands to: WebHome, renders as WebHome
• Related: NOTIFYTOPIC, STATISTICSTOPIC, TOPIC

HTTP -- get HTTP headers

• Called with the name of an HTTP header field, returns its value. Capitalization and the use of hyphens versus underscores are not significant.
• Syntax: %HTTP%
• Syntax: %HTTP{"Header-name"}%
• Examples:

  %HTTP%
  %HTTP{"Accept-language"}%
  %HTTP{"User-Agent"}%	Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit?/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot?/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)

• You can see the HTTP headers your browser sends to the server on a number of sites e.g. http://www.ericgiguere.com/tools/http-header-viewer.html
• Related: HTTPS, REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_PORT, REMOTE_USER

HTTP_HOST -- environment variable

• Syntax: %HTTP_HOST%
• Expands to: wiki.iac.ethz.ch
• Related: ENV, REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_PORT, REMOTE_USER

HTTPS -- get HTTPS headers

• The same as %HTTP% but operates on the HTTPS environment variables present when the SSL protocol is in effect. Can be used to determine whether SSL is turned on.
• Syntax: %HTTPS%
• Syntax: %HTTPS{"Header-name"}%
• Related: HTTP, REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_PORT, REMOTE_USER

I -- idea icon

• Current value: I =
• Related: H, ICON, M, N, P, Q, S, T, U, X, Y

ICON{"name"} -- small documentation graphic or icon of common attachment types

• Generates the HTML img tag of a small graphic image attached to DocumentGraphics. Images typically have a 16x16 pixel size. You can select a specific image by name, or you can give a full filename, in which case the type of the file will be used to select one of a collection of common file type icons.
• Syntax: %ICON{"name"}%
• Examples:
  • %ICON{"flag-gray"}% returns
  • %ICON{"pdf"}% returns
  • %ICON{"smile.pdf"}% returns
  • %ICON{"/dont/you/dare/smile.pdf"}% returns
  • %ICON{"http://trunk.foswiki.org/pub/System/DocumentGraphics/xsl.gif"}% returns
• Graphic samples: arrowbright, bubble, choice-yes, hand
• File type samples: bmp, doc, gif, hlp, html, mp3, pdf, ppt, txt, xls, xml, zip
• Related: ICONURL, ICONURLPATH, DefaultPreferences, FileAttachments, DocumentGraphics

ICONURL{"name"} -- URL of small documentation graphic or icon

• Generates the full URL of a DocumentGraphics image, which Foswiki renders as an image. The related %ICON{"name"}% generates the full HTML img tag. Specify image name or full filename (see ICON for details on filenames.)
• Syntax: %ICONURL{"name"}%
• Examples:
  • %ICONURL{"arrowbright"}% returns https://wiki.iac.ethz.ch/pub/System/DocumentGraphics/arrowbright.gif
  • %ICONURL{"novel.pdf"}% returns https://wiki.iac.ethz.ch/pub/System/DocumentGraphics/pdf.gif
  • %ICONURL{"/queen/boheme.mp3"}% returns https://wiki.iac.ethz.ch/pub/System/DocumentGraphics/mp3.gif
• Related: ICONURLPATH, ICON, DefaultPreferences, FileAttachments, DocumentGraphics

ICONURLPATH{"name"} -- URL path of small documentation graphic or icon

• Generates the URL path of a DocumentGraphics image, typically used in an HTML img tag. Specify image name or full filename (see ICON for details on filenames.)
• Syntax: %ICONURLPATH{"name"}%
• Examples:
  • %ICONURLPATH{"locktopic"}% returns /pub/System/DocumentGraphics/locktopic.gif
  • %ICONURLPATH{"eggysmell.xml"}% returns /pub/System/DocumentGraphics/xml.gif
  • %ICONURLPATH{"/doc/xhtml.xsl"}% returns /pub/System/DocumentGraphics/xsl.gif
• Related: ICONURL, ICON, DefaultPreferences, FileAttachments, DocumentGraphics

IF{"condition" ...} -- simple conditionals

• Evaluate a condition and show one text or another based on the result. See details in IfStatements
• Syntax: %IF{"CONDITION" then="THEN" else="ELSE"}% shows "THEN" if "CONDITION" evaluates to TRUE, otherwise "ELSE" will be shown
• Example: %IF{"defined FUNFACTOR" then="FUNFACTOR is defined" else="FUNFACTOR is not defined"}% renders as FUNFACTOR is not defined
• Related: $IF() of SpreadSheetPlugin

INCLUDE{"page"} -- include other topic or web page

• Syntax: %INCLUDE{"page" ...}%
• Supported parameters:        

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  "SomeTopic"	The name of a topic located in the current web, i.e. %INCLUDE{"WebNotify"}%
  "Web.Topic"	A topic in another web, i.e. %INCLUDE{"System.SiteMap"}%
  "http://..."	A full qualified URL, i.e. %INCLUDE{"http://foswiki.org:80/index.html"}%. Supported content types are text/html and text/plain. if the URL resolves to an attachment file on the server this will automatically translate to a server-side include.
  "doc:Foswiki::..." level="3"	Generates the embedded documentation in the given perl module. The optional =level parameter lets you define the base level for headings in the included text.
  pattern="..."	Include a subset of a topic or a web page. Specify a RegularExpression that scans from start ('^') to end and contains the text you want to keep in parenthesis, e.g., pattern="^.*?(from here.*?to here).*". IncludeTopicsAndWebPages has more.	none
  rev="2"	Include a previous topic revision; N/A for URLs	top revision
  raw="on"	When a page is included, normally Wiki will process it, doing the following: 1) Alter relative links to point back to originating host, 2) Remove some basic HTML tags (html, head, body, script) and finally 3) Remove newlines from HTML tags spanning multiple lines. If you prefer to include exactly what is in the source of the originating page set this to on. raw="on" is short for disableremoveheaders="on", disableremovescript="on", disableremovebody="on", disablecompresstags="on" and disablerewriteurls="on".	disabled
  literal="on"	While using the raw option will indeed include the raw content, the included content will still be processed and rendered like regular topic content. To disable parsing of the included content, set the literal option to "on".	disabled
  disableremoveheaders="on"	Bypass stripping headers from included HTML (everything until first </head> tag)	disabled
  disableremovescript="on"	Bypass stripping all <script> tags from included HTML	disabled
  disableremovebody="on"	Bypass stripping the </body> tag and everything around over and below it	disabled
  disablecompresstags="on"	Bypass replacing newlines in HTML tags with spaces. This compression step rewrites unmatched <'s into &lt; entities unless bypassed	disabled
  disablerewriteurls="on"	Bypass rewriting relative URLs into absolute ones	disabled
  warn="off"	Warn if topic include fails: Fail silently (if off); output default warning (if set to on); else, output specific text (use $topic for topic name)	%INCLUDEWARNING% preferences setting
  section="name"	Includes only the specified named section, as defined in the included topic by the STARTSECTION and ENDSECTION macros. Nothing is shown if the named section does not exists. section="" is equivalent to not specifying a section
  PARONE="val 1"   PARTWO="val 2"	Any other parameter will be defined as a macro within the scope of the included topic. The example parameters on the left will result in %PARONE% and %PARTWO% being defined within the included topic.

• JavaScript in included webpages is filtered out as a security precaution per default (disable filter with disableremovescript parameter)
• Examples: See IncludeTopicsAndWebPages
• Related: BASETOPIC, BASEWEB, INCLUDINGTOPIC, INCLUDINGWEB, STARTINCLUDE, STOPINCLUDE, STARTSECTION, ENDSECTION

INCLUDINGTOPIC -- name of topic that includes current topic

• The name of the topic that includes the current topic - same as %TOPIC% in case there is no include
• If a topic is used in a chain of INCLUDEs, INCLUDINGTOPIC is set to the topic directly INCLUDing this one, NOT the topic that has been requested by the user (which is set in BASETOPIC)
• WARNING: While this Macro may appear to work, unless you require the subtle difference between INCLUDINGTOPIC and BASETOPIC, you probably should use BASETOPIC.
• Syntax: %INCLUDINGTOPIC%
• Related: BASETOPIC, INCLUDINGWEB, INCLUDE, TOPIC

INCLUDINGWEB -- web that includes current topic

• The web name of the topic that includes the current topic - same as %WEB% if there is no INCLUDE.
• If a topic is used in a chain of INCLUDEs, INCLUDINGWEB is set to the topic directly INCLUDing this one, NOT the web that has been requested by the user (which is set in BASEWEB)
• WARNING: While this Macro may appear to work, unless you require the subtle difference between INCLUDINGWEB and BASEWEB, you probably should use BASEWEB.
• Syntax: %INCLUDINGWEB%
• Related: BASEWEB, INCLUDINGTOPIC, INCLUDE, WEB

LANGUAGE -- current user's language

• Returns the language code for the language used as the current user. This is the language actually used by Foswiki (e.g. in user interface).
• The language is detected from the user's browser, unless some site/web/user/session-defined setting overrides it:
  • If the LANGUAGE preference is set, it's used as user's language instead of any language detected from the browser.
  • Avoid defining LANGUAGE at a non per-user way, so each user can choose his/her preferred language.
• Related: LANGUAGES

LANGUAGES -- list available languages

• List the languages available (as PO files). These are the languages in which the user interface is available.
• Syntax: %LANGUAGES{...}%
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  format	format for each item. See below for format tokens available in the format string.	"   * $langname"
  separator	separator between items.	"\n" (newline)
  marker="selected"	Text for $marker if the item matches selection	"selected"
  selection="%LANGUAGE%"	Current language to be selected in list	(none)

• format tokens:

  Token	Meaning
  $langname	language's name, as informed by the translators
  $langtag	language's tag. Ex: en, pt-br, etc.

• Example: <select>%LANGUAGES{format="<option $marker value='$langtag'>$langname</option>" selection="%LANGUAGE%"}%</select> creates an option list of the available languages with the current language selected

LIME -- start lime colored text

• LIME is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %LIME% lime text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: lime text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

LOCALSITEPREFS -- web.topicname of site preferences topic

• The full name of the local site preferences topic. These local site preferences overload the system level preferences defined in System.DefaultPreferences.
• Syntax: %LOCALSITEPREFS%
• Expands to: Main.SitePreferences, renders as SitePreferences

LOGIN -- present a full login link

• Syntax: %LOGIN%
• Expand to: Log In
• Related: UserAuthentication, SESSIONID, SESSIONVAR, LOGOUT, SESSION_VARIABLE

LOGOUT -- present a full logout link

• Syntax: %LOGOUT%
• Expand to:
• Related: UserAuthentication, SESSIONID, SESSIONVAR, LOGIN, SESSION_VARIABLE

M -- moved to... icon

• Current value: M =
• Related: H, I, ICON, N, P, Q, S, T, U, X, Y

MAINWEB -- synonym for USERSWEB

• Deprecated. Please use %USERSWEB% instead.

MAKETEXT -- creates text using Foswiki's I18N infrastructure

• Syntax: %MAKETEXT{"string" args="..."}%
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter	Description	Default
  "text" or string="text"	The text to be displayed.	none
  args="param1, param2"	a comma-separated list of arguments to be interpolated in the string, replacing the [_N] placeholders in it.	none

• Examples:
  • %MAKETEXT{string="Notes:"}%
    expands to
    Notes:
  • %MAKETEXT{"If you have any questions, please contact [_1]." args="%WIKIWEBMASTER%"}%
    expands to
    If you have any questions, please contact urs.beyerle@env.ethz.ch.
  • %MAKETEXT{"Did you want to [[[_1]][reset [_2]'s password]]?" args="%SYSTEMWEB%.ResetPassword,%WIKIUSERNAME%"}%
    expands to
    Did you want to reset Main.WikiGuest's password?
• Notes:
  • Foswiki will translate the string to the current user's language only if it has such string in its translation table for that language.
  • Amperstands (&) followed by one letter (one of a...z, A...Z) (say, X) in the translatable string will be translated to <span class='foswikiAccessKey'>X</span>. This is used to implement access keys. If you want to write an actual amperstand that stays just before a letter, write two consecutive amperstands (&&): they will be transformed in just one.
  • translatable string starting with underscores (_) are reserved. You cannot use translatable phrases starting with an underscore.
  • Make sure that the translatable string is constant. Specially, do not include %MACROS% inside the translatable strings (since they will get expanded before the %MAKETEXT{...}% itself is handled).

MAROON -- start maroon colored text

• MAROON is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %MAROON% maroon text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: maroon text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

META -- displays meta-data

• Provided mainly for use in templates, this macro generates the parts of the topic view that relate to meta-data (attachments, forms etc.) The formfield item is the most likely to be useful to casual users.
• Syntax: %META{ "item" ...}%
• Parameters:

  Item	Options	Description
  "formfield"	name="...": name of the field. The field value can be shortened as described in FormattedSearch for $formfield newline="...": by default, each newline character will be rewritten to <br /> to allow metadata that contains newlines to be used in tables, etc. $n indicates a newline character. bar="...": by default, each vertical bar is rewritten to an HTML entity so as to not be mistaken for a table separator.	Show a single form field
  "form"	none	Generates the table showing the form fields. See Form Definition
  "attachments"	all="on" to show hidden attachments. title="..." to show a title - only if attachments are displayed. template="..." to use a custom template for the rendering of attachments; default attachtables is used.	Generates the list of attachments
  "moved"	none	Details of any topic moves
  "parent"	dontrecurse="on": By default recurses up tree, this has some cost. Equivalent to depth=1 depth="...": Return only the specified ancestor. nowebhome="on": Suppress WebHome. prefix="...": Prefix that goes before parents, but only if there are parents, default "". format="...": Format string used to display each parent topic where $web expands to the web name, and $topic expands to the topic name; default: "[[$web.$topic][$topic]]" suffix="...": Suffix, only appears if there are parents; default "". separator="...": Separator between parents; default " > ".	Generates the parent link

• Related: METASEARCH

METASEARCH -- special search of meta data

• Syntax: %METASEARCH{...}%
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  type="topicmoved"	What sort of search is required? "topicmoved" if search for a topic that may have been moved "parent" if searching for topics that have a specific parent i.e. its children "field" if searching for topics that have a particular form field value (use the name and value parameters to specify which field to search)	Required
  web="%WEB%"	Wiki web to search: A web, a list of webs separated by whitespace, or all webs.	Current web
  topic="%TOPIC%"	The topic the search relates to, for topicmoved and parent searches	All topics in a web
  name	form field to search, for field type searches. May be a regular expression (see SEARCH).
  value	form field value, for field type searches. May be a regular expression (see SEARCH).
  title="Title"	Text that is prefixed to any search results	empty
  format="..."	Custom format results. Supports same format strings as SEARCH. See FormattedSearch for usage & examples	Results in table
  default="none"	Default text shown if no search hit	Empty

• Example: %METASEARCH{type="topicmoved" web="%WEB%" topic="%TOPIC%" title="This topic used to exist and was moved to: "}%
• Example: You may want to use this in WebTopicViewTemplate? and WebTopicNonWikiTemplate?:
  %METASEARCH{type="parent" web="%WEB%" topic="%TOPIC%" title="Children: "}%
• Example: %METASEARCH{type="field" name="Country" value="China"}%
• Related: SEARCH, META
• METASEARCH is deprecated in favour of the new and much more powerful query type search. See SEARCH and QuerySearch.

N -- "new" icon

• Current value: N =
• Related: H, I, ICON, M, P, Q, S, T, U, X, Y

NAVY -- start navy blue colored text

• NAVY is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %NAVY% navy text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: navy text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

NOP -- template text not to be expanded in instantiated topics

• Syntax: %NOP%
  • In normal topic text, expands to <nop>, which prevents expansion of adjacent macros and wikiwords
  • When the topic containing this is used as a template for another topic, it is removed.
• Syntax: %NOP{...}% deprecated
  • In normal topic text, expands to whatever is in the curly braces (if anything).
  • This is deprecated. Do not use it. Use %STARTSECTION{type="templateonly"}% .. %ENDSECTION{type="templateonly"}% instead (see TemplateTopics for more details).
• Related: STARTSECTION, TemplateTopics

NOTIFYTOPIC -- name of the notify topic

• Syntax: %NOTIFYTOPIC%
• Expands to: WebNotify, renders as WebNotify
• Related: HOMETOPIC, STATISTICSTOPIC, TOPIC

OLIVE -- start olive green colored text

• OLIVE is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %OLIVE% olive text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: olive text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

ORANGE -- start orange colored text

• ORANGE is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %ORANGE% orange text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: orange text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

P -- pencil icon

• Current value: P =
• Related: H, I, ICON, M, N, Q, S, T, U, X, Y

PINK -- start pink colored text

• PINK is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %PINK% pink text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: pink text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

PLUGINDESCRIPTIONS -- list of plugin descriptions

• Syntax: %PLUGINDESCRIPTIONS%
• Expands to:
  • TWikiCompatibilityPlugin (Foswiki-1.0.9, $Rev: 6017 (2010-01-11) $): add TWiki personality to Foswiki
  • SpreadSheetPlugin (10 Nov 2009, $Rev: 5484 (2009-11-10) $): Add spreadsheet calculations like "$SUM($ABOVE())" to Foswiki tables and other topic text
  • AutoViewTemplatePlugin (2009-09-06, $Rev: 5221 (2009-10-06) $): Automatically sets VIEW_TEMPLATE and EDIT_TEMPLATE
  • BreadCrumbsPlugin (v2.42, 4694): A flexible way to display breadcrumbs navigation
  • CalendarPlugin (2.000, $Rev: 8058 (2010-07-07) $): Show a monthly calendar with highlighted events
  • ChartPlugin (13 Mar 2010, $Rev: 6743 (2010-03-14) $): Create PNG or GIF charts to visualize Foswiki tables
  • CommentPlugin (24 Feb 2010, $Rev: 6512 (2010-02-24) $): Quickly post comments to a page without an edit/save cycle
  • DBCachePlugin (3.50, $Rev: 8342 (2010-07-28) $): Lightweighted frontend to the DBCacheContrib
  • EditChapterPlugin (2.12, $Rev: 6337 (2010-02-15) $): An easy sectional edit facility
  • EditTablePlugin (4.34, $Rev: 5854 (2009-12-23) $): Edit tables using edit fields, date pickers and drop down boxes
  • ExplicitNumberingPlugin (1.6, $Rev: 6482 (2010-02-23) $): Use the ##., ##.. etc. notation to insert outline numbering sequences (1, 1.1, 2, 2.1) in topic's text. Also support numbered headings.
  • ExternalLinkPlugin (1.21, $Rev: 5906 (2009-12-31) $): Adds a visual indicator to outgoing links
  • FilterPlugin (2.03, $Rev: 8284 (2010-07-23) $): Substitute and extract information from content by using regular expressions
  • FlexWebListPlugin (v1.51, $Rev: 5698 (2009-12-02) $): Flexible way to display hierarchical weblists
  • GluePlugin (2.20, $Rev: 4420 (2009-07-03) $): Enable markup to span multiple lines
  • HeadlinesPlugin (2.21.2, $Rev: 6822 (2010-03-21) $): Show headline news in Foswiki pages based on RSS and ATOM news feeds from external sites
  • IfDefinedPlugin (v2.00, $Rev: 4422 (2009-07-03) $): Render content conditionally
  • ImagePlugin (2.31, $Rev: 6307 (2010-02-12) $): Control the display and alignment of images using an easy syntax
  • InterwikiPlugin (20 Sep 2009, $Rev: 5022 (2009-09-20) $): Link ExternalSite?:Page text to external sites based on aliases defined in a rules topic
  • JQueryLibPlugin (v1.0, $Rev: 3729 (2009-04-28) $): Provides you with the jQuery javascript library
  • JQueryPlugin (3.51, $Rev: 20090710 (2009-07-10) $): jQuery JavaScript library for Foswiki
  • LatexModePlugin (4.0, $Rev: 4721 (2009-08-28) $): Enables LaTeX markup (mathematics and more) in Foswiki topics
  • LdapNgPlugin (v3.00, $Rev: 3726 (2009-04-27) $): Query and display data from an LDAP directory
  • MathModePlugin (4.01, $Rev: 3649 (2009-04-23) $): Include LaTeX formatted math in your Foswiki pages
  • NatEditPlugin (v4.21, $Rev: 6336 (2010-02-15) $): A Wikiwyg Editor
  • NatSkinPlugin (3.96, $Rev: 6287 (2010-02-12) $): Theming engine for NatSkin
  • NewUserPlugin (v2.00, $Rev: 3642 (2009-04-23) $): Create a user topic if it does not exist yet
  • PreferencesPlugin (20 Sep 2009, $Rev: 5037 (2009-09-20) $): Allows editing of preferences using fields predefined in a form
  • RedirectPlugin (1.1, $Rev: 7923 (2010-06-26) $): Create a redirect to another topic or website.
  • RenderListPlugin (2.2, $Rev: 5042 (2009-09-20) $): Render bullet lists in a variety of formats
  • RenderPlugin (3.0, 4818): Render WikiApplications asynchronously
  • SendEmailPlugin (1.5.1, $Rev: 6581 (2010-02-28) $): Allows to send e-mails through an e-mail form.
  • SetVariablePlugin (1.00, $Rev: 4287 (2009-06-23) $): Flexible handling of topic variables
  • SlideShowPlugin (02 Aug 2008, $Rev: 2742 (2009-02-26) $): Create web based presentations based on topics with headings.
  • SmiliesPlugin (20 Sep 2009, $Rev: 5046 (2009-09-20) $): Render smilies like as icons
  • SubscribePlugin (03 Dec 2008, $Rev: 13787 (18 May 2007) $): Subscribe to web notification
  • SyntaxHighlightingPlugin (1.2, $Rev: 4052 (2009-06-07) $): Highlights code fragments for many languages using enscript.
  • TablePlugin (1.046, $Rev: 6733 (2010-03-13) $): Control attributes of tables and sorting of table columns
  • TagMePlugin (02 Mar 2010, $Rev: 6613 (2010-03-02) $): Tag wiki content collectively to find content by keywords
  • TwistyPlugin (1.5.4, $Rev: 6281 (2010-02-12) $): Twisty section Javascript library to open/close content dynamically
  • UploadPlugin (1.11, $Rev: 20090703 (2009-07-03) $): Attach multiple files to a topic in one go
  • VarCachePlugin (29 Jan 2009, $Rev: 2215 (29 Jan 2009) $): Cache Foswiki macros in selected topics for faster page rendering
  • VotePlugin (1.33, $Rev: 5560 (2009-11-17) $): Simple way to count votes
  • ZonePlugin (2.1, $Rev: 6966 (2010-03-28) $): Gather content of a page in named zones while rendering it
• Related: ACTIVATEDPLUGINS, FAILEDPLUGINS, PLUGINVERSION

PLUGINVERSION -- the version of a Foswiki Plugin, or the Foswiki Plugins API

• Syntax: %PLUGINVERSION{"name"}% to get the version of a specific plugin
• Example: %PLUGINVERSION{"InterwikiPlugin"}% expands to $Rev: 5022 (2009-09-20) $
• Syntax: %PLUGINVERSION% to get the version of the API
• Expands to: 2.0
• Related: WIKIVERSION, ACTIVATEDPLUGINS, FAILEDPLUGINS, PLUGINDESCRIPTIONS

PUBURL -- the base URL of attachments

• Syntax: %PUBURL%
• Expands to: https://wiki.iac.ethz.ch/pub
• Example: You can refer to a file attached to another topic with %PUBURL%/%WEB%/OtherTopic/image.gif
• Related: ATTACHURL, ATTACHURLPATH, PUBURLPATH, SCRIPTURL, SCRIPTURLPATH, FileAttachments

PUBURLPATH -- the base URL path of attachments

• Syntax: %PUBURLPATH%
• Expands to: /pub
• Related: ATTACHURL, ATTACHURLPATH, PUBURL, SCRIPTURL, SCRIPTURLPATH, FileAttachments

PURPLE -- start purple colored text

• PURPLE is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %PURPLE% purple text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: purple text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

Q -- question icon

• Current value: Q =
• Related: H, I, ICON, M, N, P, S, T, U, X, Y

QUERYPARAMS -- show paramaters to the query

• Expands the parameters to the query that was used to display the page.
• Syntax: %QUERYPARAMS{...}%
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  format="..."	Format string for each entry	$name=$value
  separator="..."	Separator string	separator="$n" (newline)
  encoding="entity" encoding="safe" encoding="html" encoding="quotes" encoding="url"	Control how special characters are encoded. If this parameter is not given, "safe" encoding is performed which HTML entity encodes the characters '"<>%. entity: Encode special characters into HTML entities, like a double quote into &#034;. Does not encode \n or \r. safe: Encode characters '"<>% into HTML entities. (this is the default) html: As type="entity" except it also encodes \n and \r quotes: Escape double quotes with backslashes (\"), does not change other characters url: Encode special characters for URL parameter use, like a double quote into %22	type="safe"

• The following escape sequences are expanded in the format string:

  Sequence:	Expands To:
  $name	Name of the parameter
  $value	String value of the parameter. Multi-valued parameters will have a "row" for each value.
  $n or $n()	New line. Use $n() if followed by alphanumeric character, e.g. write Foo$n()Bar instead of Foo$nBar
  $nop or $nop()	Is a "no operation". This token gets removed; useful for nested search
  $quot	Double quote (") (\" also works)
  $percnt	Percent sign (%)
  $dollar	Dollar sign ($)
  $lt	Less than sign (<)
  $gt	Greater than sign (>)
  $amp	Ampersand (&)

• Example:
  • %QUERYPARAMS{format="<input type='hidden' name='$name' value='$value' encoding="entity" />"}%
• Security warning!
  Using QUERYPARAMS can easily be misused for cross-site scripting unless specific characters are entity encoded. By default QUERYPARAMS encodes the characters '"<>% into HTML entities (same as encoding="safe") which is relatively safe. The safest is to use encoding="entity". When passing QUERYPARAMS inside another macro always use double quotes ("") combined with using QUERYPARAMS with encoding="quote". For maximum security against cross-site scripting you are adviced to install the Foswiki:Extensions.SafeWikiPlugin.
• See also QUERYSTRING, URLPARAM

QUERYSTRING -- full, unprocessed string of parameters to this URL

• String of all the URL parameters that were on the URL used to get to the current page. For example, if you add ?name=Samantha;age=24;eyes=blue to this URL you can see this in action. This string can be appended to a URL to pass parameter values on to another page.
• URLs built this way are typically restricted in length, typically to 2048 characters. If you need more space than this, you will need to use an HTML form and %QUERYPARAMS%.
• Syntax: %QUERYSTRING%
• Expands to: cover=print.nat
• Related: QUERYPARAMS, URLPARAM

RED -- start red colored text

• RED is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %RED% red text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: red text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.

! * Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

REMOTE_ADDR -- environment variable

• Syntax: %REMOTE_ADDR%
• Expands to: 3.128.204.140
• Related: ENV, HTTP_HOST, REMOTE_PORT, REMOTE_USER

REMOTE_PORT -- environment variable

• Syntax: %REMOTE_PORT%
• Expands to:
• Related: ENV, HTTP_HOST, REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_USER

REMOTE_USER -- environment variable

• Syntax: %REMOTE_USER%
• Expands to:
• Related: ENV, HTTP_HOST, REMOTE_ADDR, REMOTE_PORT, USERNAME, WIKINAME, WIKIUSERNAME

RENDERLIST -- render bullet lists in a variety of formats

• The %RENDERLIST% macro is handled by the RenderListPlugin
• Syntax: %RENDERLIST%
• Syntax: %RENDERLIST{ "org" focus="Sales.WestCoastTeam" }%
• Example:
  %RENDERLIST{ "org" }%
   * [[Eng.WebHome][Engineering]]
      * [[Eng.TechPubs][Tech Pubs]]
   * [[Sales.WestCoastTeam][Sales]]
      * [[Sales.EastCoastTeam][East Coast]]
      * [[Sales.WestCoastTeam][West Coast]]
• Related: RenderListPlugin

RENDERZONE

%RENDERZONE{"zone" ...}%

• zone: required, name of the zone to be expanded
• header: optional, prefix format string
• format: optional, format string for each item added to the zone, defaults to $item, any standard escapes like $percnt, $dollar etc can be used to delay evaluation order of the format parameter
• chomp: removed leading and trailing whitespace in formatted items, useful to pretty-print them one per line
• footer: optional, suffix format string
• separator: optional, put between each item of a zone

Note, that you can create as many zones as you like. The plugin does not restrict you to use it only for body and head. Interesting use cases in wiki applications:

• create a sidebar zone to add widgets
• create a toolbar zone to add buttons icons

See also VarADDTOZONE

REVINFO -- revision information of current topic

• Syntax:
• Date format defined as {DefaultDateFormat} in configure

REVINFO{"format"} -- formatted revision information of topic

• Syntax: %REVINFO% OR %REVINFO{"format"}%
• %REVINFO% is equivalent to %REVINFO{format="r1.$rev - $date - $wikiusername"}%
  • Expands to: r1 - 09 Jan 2009 - 13:00:00 - ProjectContributor
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  "format"	Format of revision information, see supported formatting tokens below	"r1.$rev - $date - $wikiusername"
  web="..."	Name of web	Current web
  topic="..."	Topic name	Current topic
  rev="1.5"	Specific revision number	Latest revision

• Supported formatting tokens:

  Token:	Unit:	Example
  $web	Name of web	Current web
  $topic	Topic name	Current topic
  $rev	Revision number. Prefix r1. to get the usual r1.5 format	5
  $username	Login username of revision	jsmith
  $wikiname	WikiName of revision	JohnSmith
  $wikiusername	WikiName with Main web prefix	Main.JohnSmith
  $date	Revision date. Actual date format defined as {DefaultDateFormat} in configure	21 Sep 2006
  $time	Revision time	23:24:25
  $iso	Revision date in ISO date format	2006-09-22T06:24:25Z
  $min, $sec, etc.	Same date format qualifiers as GMTIME{"format"}

• Example: %REVINFO{"$date - $wikiusername" rev="1.1"}% returns revision info of first revision
• Related: GMTIME{"format"}, REVINFO

S -- red star icon

• Current value: S =
• Related: H, I, ICON, M, N, P, Q, T, U, X, Y

SCRIPTNAME -- name of current script

• The name of the current script is shown, including script suffix, if any (for example viewauth.cgi)
• Syntax: %SCRIPTNAME%
• Expands to: view
• Related: SCRIPTSUFFIX, SCRIPTURL, SCRIPTURLPATH

SCRIPTSUFFIX -- script suffix

• Some Wiki installations require a file extension for CGI scripts, such as .pl or .cgi
• Syntax: %SCRIPTSUFFIX%
• Expands to:
• Related: SCRIPTNAME, SCRIPTURL, SCRIPTURLPATH

SCRIPTURL{"script"} -- URL of script

• Syntax: %SCRIPTURL% OR %SCRIPTURL{"script"}%
• %SCRIPTURL% returns the base URL of scripts - expands to https://wiki.iac.ethz.ch/bin
• Expands to: https://wiki.iac.ethz.ch/bin/script
• Example: To get the authenticated version of the current topic you can write %SCRIPTURL{"viewauth"}%/%WEB%/%TOPIC% which expands to https://wiki.iac.ethz.ch/bin/viewauth/System/Macros
• In most cases you should use %SCRIPTURLPATH{"script"}% instead, as it works with URL rewriting much better
• The edit script should always be used in conjunction with ?t=%GMTIME{"$epoch"}% to ensure pages about to be edited are not cached in the browser
• Related: PUBURL, SCRIPTNAME, SCRIPTSUFFIX, SCRIPTURLPATH

SCRIPTURLPATH{"script"} -- URL path of script

• As %SCRIPTURL{"script"}%, but doesn't include the protocol and host part of the URL
• Syntax: %SCRIPTURL% OR %SCRIPTURLPATH{"script"}%
• Expands to: /bin/script
• The edit script should always be used in conjunction with ?t=%GMTIME{"$epoch"}% to ensure pages about to be edited are not cached in the browser
• Related: PUBURLPATH, SCRIPTNAME, SCRIPTSUFFIX, SCRIPTURL

SEARCH{"text"} -- search content

• Inline search, shows a search result embedded in a topic
• Syntax: %SEARCH{"text" ...}%
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  "text"	Search term. Is a keyword search, literal search, regular expression search, or query, depending on the type parameter. SearchHelp has more	required
  search="text"	(Alternative to above)	N/A
  web="Name" web="Main, Know" web="all"	Comma-separated list of webs to search. You can specifically exclude webs from an all search using a minus sign - for example, web="all,-Secretweb". The special word all means all webs that do not have the NOSEARCHALL preference set to on in their WebPreferences. Note that AccessControls are respected when searching webs; it is much better to use them than NOSEARCHALL.	Current web
  topic="WebPreferences" topic="*Bug"	Limit search to topics: A topic, a topic with asterisk wildcards, or a list of topics separated by comma. Note this is a list of topic names and must not include web names.	All topics in a web
  excludetopic="Web*" excludetopic="WebHome, WebChanges"	Exclude topics from search: A topic, a topic with asterisk wildcards, or a list of topics separated by comma. Note this is a list of topic names and must not include web names.	None
  scope="topic" scope="text" scope="all"	Search topic name (title); the text (body) of topic; or all (title and body)	"text"
  type="keyword" type="word" type="literal" type="regex" type="query"	Control how the search is performed when scope="text" or scope="all" keyword: use Google-like controls as in soap "web service" -shampoo; searches word parts: using the example, topics with "soapsuds" will be found as well, but topics with "shampoos" will be excluded word: identical to keyword but searches whole words: topics with "soapsuds" will not be found, and topics with "shampoos" will not be excluded literal: search for the exact string, like web service regex: use a RegularExpression search like soap;web service;!shampoo; to search on whole words use \bsoap\b query: query search of form fields and other meta-data, like (Firstname='Emma' OR Firstname='John') AND Lastname='Peel'	%SEARCHVAR- DEFAULTTYPE% preferences setting (literal)
  order="topic" order="created" order="modified" order="editby" order=  "formfield(name)"	Sort the results of search by the topic names, topic creation time, last modified time, last editor's WikiName, or named field of DataForms. The sorting is done web by web; if you want to sort across webs, create a formatted table and sort it with TablePlugin's initsort. Note that dates are sorted most recent date last (i.e at the bottom of the table).	Sort by topic name
  limit="all" limit="16"	Limit the number of topics from which results will be returned. This is done after sorting if order is specified. Note that this does not limit the number of hits from the same topic when you have multiple="on".	All results
  date="..."	limits the results to those pages with latest edit time in the given time interval.	All results
  reverse="on"	Reverse the direction of the search	Ascending search
  casesensitive="on"	Case sensitive search	Ignore case
  bookview="on"	BookView search, e.g. show complete topic text. Very resource demanding. Use only with small result sets	Show entire topic content.
  nonoise="on"	Shorthand for nosummary="on" nosearch="on" nototal="on" zeroresults="off" noheader="on" noempty="on"	Off
  nosummary="on"	Show topic title only	Show topic summary
  nosearch="on"	Suppress search string	Show search string
  noheader="on"	Suppress default search header Topics: Changed: By: , unless a header is explicitly specified	Show default search header, unless search is inline and a format is specified (Cairo compatibility)
  nototal="on"	Do not show number of topics found	Show number
  zeroresults="off"	Suppress all output if there are no hits	zeroresults="on", displays: "Number of topics: 0"
  noempty="on"	Suppress results for webs that have no hits.	Show webs with no hits
  header="..." format="..." footer="..."	Custom format results: see FormattedSearch for usage & examples	Results in table
  expandvariables="on"	Expand embedded macros before applying a FormattedSearch on a search hit. Useful to show the expanded text, e.g. to show the result of a SpreadSheetPlugin %CALC{}% instead of the formula	Raw text
  multiple="on"	Multiple hits per topic. Each hit can be formatted. The last token is used in case of a regular expression ";" and search	Only one hit per topic
  nofinalnewline="on"	If on, the search variable does not end in a line by itself. Any text continuing immediately after the SEARCH macro on the same line will be rendered as part of the table generated by the search, if appropriate.	off
  recurse="on"	Recurse into subwebs, if subwebs are enabled.	off
  separator=", "	Line separator between search hits	"$n" (Newline)
  newline="%BR%"	Line separator within a search hit. Useful if you want to put multi-line content into a table cell, for example if the format="" parameter contains a $pattern() that captures more than one line, or contains a $formfield() that returns a multi-line textfield.	"$n" (Newline)

• Example: %SEARCH{"wiki" web="Main" scope="topic"}%
• Example with format: %SEARCH{"FAQ" scope="topic" nosearch="on" nototal="on" header="| *Topic: * | *Summary: * |" format="| $topic | $summary |"}% (displays results in a table with header - details)
• If the Foswiki:Extensions.TablePlugin is installed, you may put a %TABLE{}% macro just before the %SEARCH{}% to alter the output of a search. Example: %TABLE{ tablewidth="90%" }%
• Related: METASEARCH, TOPICLIST, WEBLIST, FormattedSearch, QuerySearch, SearchHelp, SearchPatternCookbook, RegularExpression

SERVERTIME{"format"} -- formatted server time

• Same format qualifiers as %GMTIME%
• Syntax: %SERVERTIME% OR %SERVERTIME{"format"}%
• %SERVERTIME% uses the Date format defined as {DefaultDateFormat} in configure
• Example: %SERVERTIME{"$hou:$min"}% expands to 06:13
• Note: When used in a template topic, this macro will be expanded when the template is used to create a new topic. See TemplateTopics#TemplateTopicsVars for details.
• Related: GMTIME, SERVERTIME

SESSIONID -- unique ID for this session

• Syntax: %SESSIONID%
• Expand to: 7d29d8728fff89fa4f2a6af3c504f62a
• Related: UserAuthentication, AUTHREALM, SESSIONVAR, LOGIN, LOGOUT, SESSION_VARIABLE

SESSIONVAR -- name of CGI and session variable that stores the session ID

• Syntax: %SESSIONVAR%
• Expand to: FOSWIKISID
• Related: UserAuthentication, AUTHREALM, SESSIONID, LOGIN, LOGOUT, SESSION_VARIABLE

SESSION_VARIABLE -- get, set or clear a session variable

• Syntax: %SESSION_VARIABLE{"name"}%
• Syntax: %SESSION_VARIABLE{"name" set="value"}%
• Syntax: %SESSION_VARIABLE{"name" clear=""}%
• The users ID is in the AUTHUSER session variable, and is read-only
• Related: UserAuthentication, AUTHREALM, SESSIONID, SESSIONVAR, LOGIN, LOGOUT

SILVER -- start silver colored text

• SILVER is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %SILVER% silver text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: silver text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

SLIDESHOWEND -- end slideshow

• The %SLIDESHOWEND% macro is handled by the SlideShowPlugin
• Syntax: %SLIDESHOWEND%
• Example: See SLIDESHOWSTART
• Related: SLIDESHOWSTART, SlideShowPlugin

SLIDESHOWSTART -- convert a topic with headings into a slideshow

• The %SLIDESHOWSTART% macro is handled by the SlideShowPlugin
• Syntax: %SLIDESHOWSTART%
• Syntax: %SLIDESHOWSTART{ template="MyOwnSlideTemplate" }%
• Example:
  %SLIDESHOWSTART%
---++ Sample Slide 1
    * Bullet 1
    * Bullet 2
---++ Sample Slide 2
    * Bullet 1
    * Bullet 2
%SLIDESHOWEND%
• Related: SLIDESHOWEND, SlideShowPlugin

SPACEDTOPIC -- topic name, spaced and URL-encoded deprecated

• The current topic name with added URL-encoded spaces, for use in regular expressions that search for backlinks to the current topic
• Syntax: %SPACEDTOPIC%
• Expands to: Var%20*SPACEDTOPIC
• This is a deprecated macro. It can be duplicated with %ENCODE{%SPACEOUT{"%TOPIC%" separator=" *"}%}%
• Related: SPACEOUT, TOPIC, ENCODE

SPACEOUT{"string"} -- renders string with spaces inserted in sensible places

• Inserts spaces after lower case letters that are followed by a digit or a capital letter, and after digits that are followed by a capital letter.
• Useful for spacing out WikiWords
• Syntax: %SPACEOUT{ "%TOPIC%" }%
• Expands to: Macros
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  separator	The separator to put between words e.g. %SPACEOUT{"DogsCatsBudgies" separator=", "}% -> Dogs, Cats, Budgies	' '

• Spaced out WikiWords are not automatically linked. To SPACEOUT a WikiWord but preserve the link use "double bracket" format. For example, [[WebHome][%SPACEOUT{"WebHome"}%]] expands to Web Home
• Related: SPACEDTOPIC, $PROPERSPACE() of SpreadSheetPlugin

STARTINCLUDE -- start position of topic text if included

• If present in included topic, start to include text from this location up to the end, or up to the location of the %STOPINCLUDE% macro. A normal view of the topic shows everything exept the %STARTINCLUDE% macro itself.
• If you want more than one part of the topic included, use %STARTSECTION{type="include"}% instead
• Syntax: %STARTINCLUDE%
• Related: INCLUDE, STARTSECTION, STOPINCLUDE

STARTSECTION -- marks the start of a section within a topic

• Section boundaries are defined with %STARTSECTION{}% and %ENDSECTION{}%.
• Sections may be given a name to help identify them, and/or a type, which changes how they are used.
  • type="section" - the default, used for a generic section, such as a named section used by INCLUDE.
  • type="include" - like %STARTINCLUDE% ... %STOPINCLUDE% except that you can have as many include blocks as you want (%STARTINCLUDE% is restricted to only one).
  • type="expandvariables" - all macros inside an "expandvariables" type section gets expanded when a new topic based on the template topic is created. See TemplateTopics for more information.
  • type="templateonly" - start position of text to be removed when a template topic is used. This is used to embed text that you do not want expanded when a new topic based on the template topic is created. See TemplateTopics for more information.
• Syntax: %STARTSECTION{"name"}% ................... %ENDSECTION{"name"}%
• Syntax: %STARTSECTION{type="include"}% ........... %ENDSECTION{type="include"}%
• Syntax: %STARTSECTION{type="expandvariables"}% ... %ENDSECTION{type="expandvariables"}%
• Syntax: %STARTSECTION{type="templateonly"}% ...... %ENDSECTION{type="templateonly"}%

• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default
  "name"	Name of the section. Must be unique inside a topic.	Generated name
  type="..."	Type of the section; type "section", "expandvariables", "include" or "templateonly"	"section"

• If a section is not given a name, it will be assigned one. Unnamed sections are assigned names starting with _SECTION0 for the first unnamed section in the topic, _SECTION1 for the second, etc..
• You can define nested sections. It is not recommended to overlap sections, although it is valid in Foswiki. Use named sections to make sure that the correct START and ENDs are matched. Section markers are not displayed when a topic is viewed.
• Related: ENDSECTION, INCLUDE, NOP, STARTINCLUDE, STOPINCLUDE

STATISTICSTOPIC -- name of statistics topic

• Syntax: %STATISTICSTOPIC%
• Expands to: WebStatistics, renders as WebStatistics
• Related: HOMETOPIC, NOTIFYTOPIC, TOPIC

STOPINCLUDE -- end position of topic text if included

• If present in included topic, stop to include text at this location and ignore the remaining text. A normal view of the topic shows everyting exept the %STOPINCLUDE% macro itself.
• Syntax: %STOPINCLUDE%
• Related: INCLUDE, STARTINCLUDE

SUBSCRIBE{ attributes } - subscribe the current user for notification of changes to the current topic

Anywhere in a topic or template:

• %SUBSCRIBE{...}% or simply %SUBSCRIBE%

Parameter	Default	Meaning
who	Logged-in user	Who to subscribe (wikiname, no web)
topic	Current topic	Topic to subscribe to. Wildcards may be used e.g. topic="Item*" will subscribe to all topics starting with Item. Use topic="Main.*" to subscribe to the WebNotify for that web.
unsubscribe	Not set	If set to "on", will unsubscribe the user
format	Simple HTML Link with an action anchor "Subscribe" or "Unsubscribe"	Defines custom look-and-feel for subscribe link using the following format variables: $topics, $url, $wikiname, $action
formatunsubscribe	format	Serves same function as format, but allows the user to define a different format than subscribe.

• The button toggles subscribe/unsubscribe if the user is already subscribed or vice versa. So after the next click on the button, the user will be unsubscribed.
• The plugin will do the best it can to optimise the subscription lists in WebNotify.

SYSTEMWEB -- name of documentation web

• The web containing all documentation and default preference settings
• Syntax: %SYSTEMWEB%
• Expands to: System
• Related: USERSWEB

T -- tip icon

• Current value: T =
• Related: H, I, ICON, M, N, P, Q, S, U, X, Y

TABLE{ attributes } -- control attributes of tables and sorting of table columns

• The %TABLE{}% macro is handled by the TablePlugin
• Syntax: %TABLE{ attributes }%

• Supported attributes:

  Argument	Comment	Default value	Example
  sort	Set table sorting by clicking headers "on" or "off".	unspecified	sort="on"
  initsort	Column to sort initially ("1" to number of columns).	unspecified	initsort="2"
  initdirection	Initial sorting direction for initsort, set to "up" (descending) or "down" (ascending).	unspecified	initdirection="up"
  disableallsort	Disable all sorting, both initsort and header sort. This is mainly used by plugins such as the EditTablePlugin to disable sorting in a table while editing the table.	unspecified	disableallsort="on"
  headerbg	Header cell background colour.	"#6b7f93"	headerbg="#999999"
  headerbgsorted	Header cell background colour of a sorted column.	the value of headerbg	headerbgsorted="#32596c"
  headercolor	Header cell text colour.	"#ffffff"	headercolor="#0000cc"
  databg	Data cell background colour, a comma separated list. Specify "none" for no colour, that is to use the colour/background of the page the table is on.	"#edf4f9,#ffffff"	databg="#f2f2f2,#ffffff"
  databgsorted	Data cell background colour of a sorted column; see databg.	the values of databg	databgsorted="#d4e8e4,#e5f5ea"
  datacolor	Data cell text colour, a comma separated list.	unspecified	datacolor="#0000CC, #000000"
  tableborder	Table border width (pixels).	"1"	tableborder="2"
  tableframe	Table frame, set to "void" (no sides), "above" (the top side only), "below" (the bottom side only), "hsides" (the top and bottom sides only), "lhs" (the left-hand side only), "rhs" (the right-hand side only), "vsides" (the right and left sides only), "box" (all four sides), "border" (all four sides).	unspecified	tableframe="hsides"
  tablerules	Table rules, set to "none" (no rules), "groups" (rules will appear between row groups and column groups only), "rows" (rules will appear between rows only), "cols" (rules will appear between columns only), "all" (rules will appear between all rows and columns).	unspecified	tablerules="rows"
  cellpadding	Cell padding (pixels).	"0"	cellpadding="0"
  cellspacing	Cell spacing (pixels).	"0"	cellspacing="3"
  cellborder	Cell border width (pixels).	unspecified	cellborder="0"
  valign	Vertical alignment of cells and headers, set to "top", "middle", "bottom" or "baseline".	unspecified	valign="top"
  headervalign	Vertical alignment of header cells; overrides valign.	unspecified	headervalign="top"
  datavalign	Vertical alignment of data cells; overrides valign.	unspecified	datavalign="top"
  headeralign	Header cell alignment, one value for all columns, or a comma separated list for different alignment of individual columns. Set to "left", "center", "right" or "justify". Overrides individual cell settings.	unspecified	headeralign="left,right"
  dataalign	Data cell alignment, one value for all columns, or a comma separated list for different alignment of individual columns. Set to "left", "center", "right" or "justify". Overrides individual cell settings.	unspecified	dataalign="center"
  tablewidth	Table width: Percentage of window width, or absolute pixel value.	unspecified	tablewidth="100%"
  columnwidths	Column widths: Comma delimited list of column widths, percentage or absolute pixel value.	unspecified	columnwidths="80%,20%"
  headerrows	Number of header rows to exclude from sort. (will be rendered in a HTML thead section)	"1"	headerrows="1"
  footerrows	Number of footer rows to exclude from sort. (will be rendered in a HTML tfoot section)	"0"	footerrows="1"
  id	Unique table identifier string, used for targeting a table with CSS.	tableN (where N is the table order number on the page)	id="userTable"
  summary	Table summary used by screenreaders: A summary of what the table presents. It should provide an orientation for someone who listens to the table.	unspecified	summary="List of subscribed users"
  caption	Table caption: A title that will be displayed just above the table.	unspecified	caption="Users"

• Example:
  %TABLE{ tableborder="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="3" cellborder="0" }%
| *A1* | *B1* |
| A2 | B2 |
• Related: See TablePlugin for more details

TEAL -- start teal colored text

• TEAL is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %TEAL% teal text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: teal text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

TOC{"Topic"} -- table of contents

• Table of Contents. Shows a TOC that is generated automatically based on headings of a topic. Headings in WikiSyntax ("---++ text") and HTML ("<h2>text</h2>") are taken into account. Any heading text after "!!" is excluded from the TOC; for example, write "---+!! text" if you do not want to list a header in the TOC
• Syntax: %TOC% OR %TOC{"SomeTopic" ...}%
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  "TopicName"	topic name	Current topic
  web="Name"	Name of web	Current web
  depth="2"	Limit depth of headings shown in TOC	6
  title="Some text"	Title to appear at top of TOC	none

• Example: %TOC{depth="2"}%
• Example: %TOC{"CompleteDocumentation" web="System" title="Contents:"}%
• Example: see Foswiki:Sandbox.TestTopicInclude
• TOC will add an HTML anchor called foswikiTOC just before the table of contents. This enables adding a link from within a topic back to the table of contents to ease navigation. Example [[#foswikiTOC][Back to TOC]] creates Back to TOC.
• If multiple headers have the exact same text, the anchors for the 2nd, 3rd etc will be suffixed by _AN1, _AN2 etc so the anchors become unique.

TOPIC -- name of current topic

• %TOPIC% expands to the name of the topic. If you are looking at the text of an included topic, it is the name of the included topic.
• Syntax: %TOPIC%
• Expands to: Macros, renders as Macros
• Related: BASETOPIC, INCLUDINGTOPIC, TOPICLIST, WEB

TOPICLIST{"format"} -- topic index of a web

• List of all topics in a web. The "format" defines the format of one topic item. It may include formatting tokens: The $topic token gets expanded to the topic name, $marker to marker parameter where topic matches selection, and $web to the name of the web, or any of the standard FormatTokens.
• Syntax: %TOPICLIST{"format" ...}%
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  "format"	Format of one line, may include $web (name of web), $topic (name of the topic), $marker (which expands to marker for the item matching selection only)	"$topic"
  format="format"	(Alternative to above)	"$topic"
  separator=", "	line separator	"$n" (new line)
  marker="selected"	Text for $marker if the item matches selection	"selected"
  selection="TopicA, TopicB"	Current value to be selected in list	(none)
  web="Name"	Name of web	Current web

• Example: %TOPICLIST{"   * $web.$topic"}% creates a bullet list of all topics
• Example: %TOPICLIST{separator=", "}% creates a comma separated list of all topics
• Example: %TOPICLIST{" <option>$topic</option>"}% creates an option list (for drop down menus)
• Example: <select>%TOPICLIST{" <option $marker value='$topic'>$topic</option>" separator=" " selection="%TOPIC%"}%</select> creates an option list of web topics with the current topic selected
• Related: SEARCH, WEBLIST

TOPICURL -- shortcut to viewing the current topic

• This macro always expands to an url pointing to the current base topic.
• Current value: TOPICURL = https://wiki.iac.ethz.ch/System/Macros

TWIKIWEB -- synonym for SYSTEMWEB

• Deprecated. Please use %SYSTEMWEB% instead.

U -- "updated" icon

• Current value: U =
• Related: H, I, ICON, M, N, P, Q, S, T, X, Y

URLPARAM{"name"} -- get value of a URL parameter

• Returns the value of a URL parameter.
• Syntax: %URLPARAM{"name"}%
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  "name"	The name of a URL parameter	required
  default="..."	Default value in case parameter is empty or missing	empty string
  newline="<br />"	Convert newlines in textarea to other delimiters	no conversion
  encode="off" encode="entity" encode="safe" encode="url" encode="quote"	Control how special characters are encoded off: No encoding. Avoid using this when possible. See the security warning below. entity: Encode special characters into HTML entities. See ENCODE for more details. safe: Encode characters '"<>% into HTML entities. url: Encode special characters for URL parameter use, like a double quote into %22 quote: Escape double quotes with backslashes (\"), does not change other characters; required when feeding URL parameters into other macros.	"safe"
  multiple="on" multiple="[[$item]]"	If set, gets all selected elements of a <select multiple="multiple"> tag. A format can be specified, with $item indicating the element, e.g. multiple="Option: $item"	first element
  separator=", "	Separator between multiple selections. Only relevant if multiple is specified	"\n" (new line)

• Example: %URLPARAM{"skin"}% returns print for a .../view/System/Macros?skin=print URL
• Notes:
  • URL parameters passed into HTML form fields must be entity ENCODEd.
  • Double quotes in URL parameters must be escaped when passed into other macros.
    Example: %SEARCH{ "%URLPARAM{ "search" encode="quote" }%" noheader="on" }%
  • When used in a template topic, this macro will be expanded when the template is used to create a new topic. See TemplateTopics#TemplateTopicsVars for details.
  • Watch out for internal parameters, such as rev, skin, template, topic, web; they have a special meaning in Foswiki. Common parameters and view script specific parameters are documented at CommandAndCGIScripts.
  • If you have %URLPARAM{ in the value of a URL parameter, it will be modified to %<nop>URLPARAM{. This is to prevent an infinite loop during expansion.
  • Security warning! Using URLPARAM can easily be misused for cross-site scripting unless specific characters are entity encoded. By default URLPARAM encodes the characters '"<>% into HTML entities (same as encode="safe") which is relatively safe. The safest is to use encode="entity". When passing URLPARAM inside another macro always use double quotes ("") combined with using URLPARAM with encode="quote". For maximum security against cross-site scripting you are adviced to install the Foswiki:Extensions.SafeWikiPlugin.
• Related: ENCODE, SEARCH, FormattedSearch, QUERYSTRING

USERINFO{"name"} -- retrieve details about a user

• Syntax: %USERINFO%
• Expands to: guest, WikiGuest, (comma-separated list of the username, wikiusername, and emails)
• With formatted output, using tokens $emails, $username, $wikiname, $wikiusername, $groups and $admin ($admin returns 'true' or 'false'):
  • Example: %USERINFO{ format="$username is really $wikiname" }%
  • Expands to: guest is really WikiGuest
• Retrieve information about another user:
  • Example: %USERINFO{ "WikiGuest" format="$username is really $wikiname" }%
  • Expands to: guest is really WikiGuest
  • The parameter should be the wikiname of a user. You can also pass a login name. You can only get information about another user if the {AntiSpam}{HideUserDetails} configuration option is not enabled, or if you are an admin. (User details are hidden in this site)
• Related: USERNAME, WIKINAME, WIKIUSERNAME, UserAuthentication, ChangeEmailAddress

USERNAME -- your login username

• Foswiki makes names available in three formats: USERNAME like jsmith, WIKINAME like JohnSmith and WIKIUSERNAME like Main.JohnSmith. Un-authenticated users are all WikiGuest.
• Syntax: %USERNAME%
• Expands to: guest
• When used in a template topic, this macro will be expanded when the template is used to create a new topic. See TemplateTopics#TemplateTopicsVars for details.
• Related: REMOTE_USER, USERINFO, WIKINAME, WIKIUSERNAME, UserAuthentication

USERSWEB -- name of users web

• The web containing individual user topics, WikiGroups, and customised site-wide preferences.
• Syntax: %USERSWEB%
• Expands to: Main
• Related: SYSTEMWEB

VAR{"NAME" web="Web"} -- get a preference value from another web

• Syntax: %VAR{"NAME" web="Web"}%
• Example: To get %WEBBGCOLOR% of the Main web write %VAR{"WEBBGCOLOR" web="Main"}%, which expands to #FFEFA6
• Related: WEBPREFSTOPIC

VBAR -- vertical bar

• The vertical bar macro can be used in TML tables.
• Current value: VBAR = |
• Related: BR, BULLET, BB, BB2, BB3, BB4, CARET

VOTE{ attributes } -- define a poll in a topic.

• The following standard attributes are recognized

  Name	Description	Example
  id	The identifier of the poll. You can have multiple independent votes in the same topic.	id="Dining"
  selectN	Defines the name of a select vote, where you select one from a ranges of options. N is a number that identifies this item within the poll e.g. select1, select2 etc. You must number all select and stars parameters uniquely and sequentially (e.g. select1 stars2 select3	select1="Drink"
  optionsN	Each selectN must have a corresponding optionsN that defines a comma-separated list of the options that can be selected between.	options1="Beer,Wine,Milk"
  starsN	Defines the name of a rate vote, where you rate something by giving it a number of stars. N is a number that identifies this item within the poll e.g. select1, stars2 etc. You must number all select and stars parameters uniquely and sequentially (e.g. select1 stars2 select3	stars2="Usability"
  widthN	Each starsN must have a corresponding widthN. This gives the number of stars to show e.g. width1="5" will show 5 stars.	width2="10"
  formatN	Defines the format of the results display. See formatting results, below.	format="$large"
  chartN	Defines the format of a single bar in the results bar chart generated for the corresponding select (for select type only). See formatting results, below.	chart="<p>$option $score</p>"
  separator	Defines the string to be used to separate each row in the result.	separator="<br/>"
  global	If set to "off", this makes the id local to this topic (the default). If set to "on" it will be a global poll that can be accessed from many topics.	global="on"
  open	If set to "off" this is a closed vote. If set to "on" it is open (the default)	open="on"
  secret	If set to "off", then the database will record who voted. If set to "on", votes are secret (the default)	secret="on"
  saveto	If set to the name of a topic, the poll results will be appended to the end of that topic. The results are formatted as a table for easy post-processing.	saveto="Main.VoteResults"
  bayesian	If set to "on", rating averages will be computed using the Bayesian average of this item against all the other items that have the same item in their stars field. This requires all the participating %VOTEs to be global, or to save their results to the same place using saveto. See http://www.thebroth.com/blog/118/bayesian-rating for more information about Bayesian rating.	bayesian="off"
  submit	If set to "off", this makes the %VOTE display the results of the vote without prompting for any input. This is useful when - for example - you want to show the results of a global vote, without permitting more voting.

• See VotePlugin for more information

WEB -- name of current web

• %WEB% expands to the name of the web where the topic is located. If you are looking at the text of an included topic, it is the web where the included topic is located.
• Syntax: %WEB%
• Expands to: System
• Related: BASEWEB, INCLUDINGWEB, TOPIC

WEBLIST{"format"} -- index of all webs

• List of all webs. Obfusticated webs are excluded, e.g. webs with a NOSEARCHALL = on preference setting. The "format" defines the format of one web item. The $name gets expanded to the name of the web, $qname gets expanded to double quoted name, $marker to marker where web matches selection.
• Syntax: %WEBLIST{"format" ...}%
• Supported parameters:

  Parameter:	Description:	Default:
  "format"	Format of one line, may include $name (the name of the web), $qname (the name of the web in double quotes), $indentedname (the name of the web with parent web names replaced by indents, for use in indented lists), and $marker (which expands to marker for the item matching selection only)	"$name"
  format="format"	(Alternative to above)	"$name"
  separator=", "	Line separator	"$n" (new line)
  web=""	if you specify $web in format, it will be replaced with this	""
  webs="public"	Comma separated list of webs, public expands to all non-hidden. NOTE: Administrators will see all webs, not just the public ones	"public"
  marker="selected"	Text for $marker if the item matches selection	"selected"
  selection="%WEB%"	Current value to be selected in list	selection="%WEB%"
  subwebs="Sandbox"	show webs that are a sub-web of this one (recursivly)	""

• Example: %WEBLIST{"   * [[$name.WebHome]]"}% - creates a bullet list of all webs.
• Example: <form><select name="web"> %WEBLIST{"<option $marker value=$qname>$name</option>" webs="Trash, public" selection="%WEB%" separator=" "}% </select></form> - creates a dropdown of all public webs + Trash web, with the current web highlighted.
• - WEBLIST will not show a web called 'TWiki' even if it exists in the file system unless the TWikiCompatibilityPlugin is installed and activated in configure. This is done to ensure that the TWiki compatibility components such as the TWiki web are only visible and active when needed.
• Related: TOPICLIST, SEARCH

WEBPREFSTOPIC -- name of web preferences topic

• Syntax: %WEBPREFSTOPIC%
• Expands to: WebPreferences, renders as WebPreferences
• Related: HOMETOPIC, WIKIPREFSTOPIC, VAR

WHITE -- start white colored text

• WHITE is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %WHITE% white text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: white text  (shown with a gray background here)
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

WIKIHOMEURL -- site home URL

• Syntax %WIKIHOMEURL%
• Expands to ==
• Normally by default set to %SCRIPTURLPATH{"view"}%
• For the top bar logo URL use %WIKILOGOURL% defined in WebPreferences instead.
• Related: WIKITOOLNAME

WIKINAME -- your Wiki username

• The WikiName is the same as %USERNAME% if not defined in the WikiUsers topic
• Syntax: %WIKINAME%
• Expands to: WikiGuest
• When used in a template topic, this macro will be expanded when the template is used to create new topic. See TemplateTopics#TemplateTopicsVars for details.
• Related: REMOTE_USER, USERINFO, USERNAME, WIKIUSERNAME, WIKIUSERSTOPIC

WIKIPREFSTOPIC -- name of site-wide preferences topic

• Syntax: %WIKIPREFSTOPIC%
• Expands to: DefaultPreferences, renders as DefaultPreferences
• Related: HOMETOPIC, WEBPREFSTOPIC

WIKITOOLNAME -- name of your site

• Syntax: %WIKITOOLNAME%
• Expands to: =Wiki =
• Related: WIKIHOMEURL, WIKIVERSION

WIKIUSERNAME -- your Wiki username with web prefix

• Your %WIKINAME% with Main web prefix, useful to point to your Wiki home page
• Syntax: %WIKIUSERNAME%
• Expands to: Main.WikiGuest, renders as WikiGuest
• When used in a template topic, this macro will be expanded when the template is used to create a new topic. See TemplateTopics#TemplateTopicsVars for details
• Related: REMOTE_USER, USERINFO, USERNAME, WIKINAME

WIKIUSERSTOPIC -- name of topic listing all registers users

• Syntax: %WIKIUSERSTOPIC%
• Expands to: WikiUsers, with Main prefix renders as WikiUsers
• Related: WIKIUSERNAME

WIKIVERSION -- the version of the installed Foswiki engine

• Syntax: %WIKIVERSION%
• Expands to: Foswiki-1.0.9, Sun, 17 Jan 2010, build 6075
• Related: PLUGINVERSION, WIKITOOLNAME

X -- warning icon

• Current value: X =
• Related: H, I, ICON, M, N, P, Q, S, T, U, Y

Y -- "yes" icon

• Current value: Y =
• Related: H, I, ICON, M, N, P, Q, S, T, U, X

YELLOW -- start yellow colored text

• YELLOW is one of the shortcut macros predefined in DefaultPreferences. See the section shortcut macros in that topic for a complete list of colors.
• Syntax: %YELLOW% yellow text %ENDCOLOR%
• Expands to: yellow text
• %<color>% text must end with %ENDCOLOR%. If you want to switch from one color to another one you first need to end the active color with %ENDCOLOR%, e.g. write %RED% some text %ENDCOLOR% %GREEN% more text %ENDCOLOR%.
• Related: ENDCOLOR, DefaultPreferences, StandardColors

Shortcuts

The following macros are preference settings and are frequently used in topic content.

• %BR% - line break
• %BULLET% - bullet sign
• %BB% - line break and bullet combined
• %BB2% - indented line break and bullet
• %RED% text %ENDCOLOR% - colored text (also %YELLOW%, %ORANGE%, %PINK%, %PURPLE%, %TEAL%, %NAVY%, %BLUE%, %AQUA%, %LIME%, %GREEN%, %OLIVE%, %MAROON%, %BROWN%, %BLACK%, %GRAY%, %SILVER%, %WHITE%)
• %H% - Help icon
• %I% - Idea icon
• %M% - Moved to icon
• %N% - New icon
• %P% - Refactor icon
• %Q% - Question icon
• %S% - Pick icon
• %T% - Tip icon
• %U% - Updated icon
• %X% - Alert icon
• %Y% - Done icon

See ShortcutMacros for a full list of predefined shortcuts.

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Related Topics: UserDocumentationCategory